The study introduces cellulose/tannin-based carbon xerogels as a renewable material for gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), offering a sustainable alternative to fossil-derived carbons. By adjusting tannin content and thermal treatment, the xerogels achieved improved selectivity for H₂O₂ production and a favorable shift in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) onset potential. These enhancements are linked to structural and chemical changes such as increased microporosity, higher surface area, and greater hydrophobicity, which collectively boost oxygen diffusion and wettability. The optimized xerogel (50:50 tannin-to-cellulose ratio, calcined at 600 °C) produced up to 650 mg L⁻¹ of H₂O₂ in 1 hour at 100 mA cm⁻², matching commercial carbon materials, while also demonstrating good stability across multiple cycles.
This study reports the use of cellulose/kraft lignin-derived carbon xerogels in gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for sustainable H₂O₂ electrogeneration aimed at antibiotic degradation. Increasing kraft lignin content improved selectivity for H₂O₂ production, while calcination at higher temperatures shifted the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) onset potential, lowering energy requirements. These performance gains are linked to morphological and structural changes—enhanced particle architecture, greater surface area, microporosity, and the introduction of oxygen/nitrogen functional groups. The optimized xerogel achieved 700 mg L⁻¹ of H₂O₂ in 1 hour at 100 mA cm⁻², comparable to commercial carbons. Applied in advanced oxidation processes, the photoelectro-Fenton technique showed the highest efficiency, completely degrading sulfamerazine in 15 minutes and achieving 75% mineralization after 90 minutes.
This study demonstrates the use of coffee grounds as a carbon-rich precursor for producing eco-friendly activated carbons (ACs) via microwave pyrolysis, thermal activation, and Zn(CH₃CO₂)₂/ZnCl₂ chemical activation. The resulting adsorbents were thoroughly characterized and tested for indigo blue (IB) dye removal in textile wastewater treatment. The optimized process (carbonization with sequential times of 3–2–1 min and a 2:2:1 coffee grounds/activator ratio) yielded the best performance, achieving a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 181.82 mg g⁻¹, consistent with pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the process as favorable, spontaneous, and endothermic, dominated by chemisorption. Ethanol enabled the highest desorption efficiency (87%), and reusability tests showed stable performance across four cycles. Finally, real wastewater trials achieved 99.74% removal efficiency, highlighting the strong potential of these bio-based adsorbents for practical applications in textile industry wastewater treatment.
This study presents a green synthesis route using sugarcane bagasse (SCB) to produce conductive carbon materials for H₂O₂ electrogeneration. The process involved phosphoric acid impregnation and thermal activation, yielding amorphous porous carbon with a surface area above 1500 m² g⁻¹ and tunable meso- to microporosity. When applied in gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), the optimized material achieved H₂O₂ concentrations up to 1900 mg L⁻¹ in 120 minutes at current densities up to 160 mA cm⁻². These findings highlight SCB-derived carbon as a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to conventional petroleum-based carbons, with strong implications for environmentally conscious electrochemical practices.
This study explores hydrogen peroxide production using a compact 3D-printed electrochemical reactor (4 cm × 4 cm) equipped with a gas diffusion electrode. The system achieved remarkably high efficiencies across a wide range of current densities, with performance strongly influenced by electrolyte composition. Maximum efficiency (100%) was obtained with sodium sulfate, while perchlorate and nitrate significantly reduced efficiency, suggesting catalytic effects from mediated oxidation. These findings underscore the importance of the anodic process in cathodic H₂O₂ generation. A phenomenological model was developed to explain the mechanisms and provide practical recommendations for enhancing efficiency. Overall, this reactor design offers a promising, sustainable alternative to conventional electrochemical systems and could compete with the industrial anthraquinone process.
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| Mais Artigos Publicados | Links de Acesso: |
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| Lessons and challenges of sanitation governance in different territories of global South and North: a systematic review | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-025-11417-2 |
| Engineering a carbon xerogel/ZnO/Cu2-xS photocatalyst for efficient solar and visible-driven degradation of salicylic acid | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108437 |
| The effect of calcination temperature on the performance of the CX/ZnO-CuxO in sulfamerazine photodegradation under solar and visible radiation | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117404 |
| ZnO/CeO2/carbon xerogel composites with direct Z-scheme heterojunctions: Enhancing photocatalytic remediation of 4-chlorophenol under visible light | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2022.11.001 |
| Stabilizing the S-scheme ZnO/ZnCr2O4/Bi6Cr2O15 heterojunction through the application of carbon xerogel as both a solid-state mediator and reducing agent | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108412 |
| Sulfamerazine degradation employing a novel Z-scheme TiO2/KNbO3/g-C3N4 photocatalyst under artificial sunlight: Insights on degradation mechanism and toxicity | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.113026 |
| Development of a new carbon xerogel/ZnO/BaSnO3 photocatalyst for solar and visible light photodegradation of salicylic acid | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.163 |
| Synthesis of activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse using blends of hydroxides for maximizing reaction targeted at obtaining hydrogen peroxide | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107438 |
| Using ZrNb and ZrMo oxide nanoparticles as catalytic activity boosters supported on Printex L6 carbon for H2O2 production | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2023.104108 |
| Using KNbO3 catalyst produced from a simple solid-state synthesis method in a new piezophotocatalytic ozonation hybrid process | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.06.265 |
| Using GDE modified with mixed Rusingle bondNb oxides for Ciprofloxacin degradation via the electro-Fenton process and its prediction model | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104113 |
| Synthesis of Nb2O5/C for H2O2 electrogeneration and its application for the degradation of levofloxacin | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-023-01975-z |
| Insights into Hydrodynamic and Operational Conditions for Scalable Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis Applications | http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.3c02139 |
| Solar-based photocatalytic ozonation employing novel S-scheme ZnO/Cu2O/CuO/carbon xerogel photocatalyst: effect of pH, salinity, turbidity, and temperature on salicylic acid degradation | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29399-4 |
| Voltammetric Determination of Trimethoprim Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Printex(6L) Carbon and Gold Nanoparticles | http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/analytica4020013 |
| Resorcinol-based carbon xerogel/ZnO composite for solar-light-induced photodegradation of sulfamerazine | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.112470 |
| Synthesis and Application of the Ternary Zn0.5Cd0.5S/ZnO/carbon Xerogel Composite in the Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-chlorophenol | http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2022-0038 |
| Kraft lignin-based carbon xerogel/zinc oxide composite for 4-chlorophenol solar-light photocatalytic degradation: effect of pH, salinity, and simultaneous Cr(VI) reduction | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22825-z |
| Development of a new zinc oxide/tin oxide/carbon xerogel photocatalyst for visible light photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2021.115183 |
| Efficient photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol under solar radiation using a new ZnO/ZnS/carbon xerogel composite as a photocatalyst | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113377 |
| Tannin-based carbon xerogel as a promising co-catalyst for photodegradation processes based on solar light: a case study using the tin (IV) oxide/carbon xerogel composite | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2021.1978076 |
| Using carbon black modified with Nb2O5 and RuO2 for enhancing selectivity toward H2O2 electrogeneration | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106787 |
| Degradation of Organic Carbon in Pharmaceutical Wastewater: a Kinetic Approach | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05039-w |
| Effect of synthesis medium on structural and photocatalytic properties of ZnO/carbon xerogel composites for solar and visible light degradation of 4-chlorophenol and bisphenol A | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124034 |
| Degradation of antibiotic ciprofloxacin by different AOP systems using electrochemically generated hydrogen peroxide | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125807 |
| Electrocatalysis of Hydrogen Peroxide Generation Using Oxygen-Fed Gas Diffusion Electrodes Made of Carbon Black Modified with Quinone Compounds | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12678-020-00591-1 |
| TiO2/Nb2O5/carbon xerogel ternary photocatalyst for efficient degradation of 4-chlorophenol under solar light irradiation | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.02.249 |
| Zinc oxide/carbon xerogel composites for photocatalytic applications developed through acidic and alkaline synthesis routes: structural, morphological, and photocatalytic evaluations | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-020-04893-9 |
| Facile preparation of Bi-doped ZnO/β-Bi2O3/Carbon xerogel composites towards visible-light photocatalytic applications: Effect of calcination temperature and bismuth content | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.166 |
| Development of Nb2O5-doped ZnO/Carbon xerogel photocatalyst for the photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.165238 |
| Visible light-driven ZnO/g-C3N4/carbon xerogel ternary photocatalyst with enhanced activity for 4-chlorophenol degradation | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123651 |
| Using black carbon modified with NbMo and NbPd oxide nanoparticles for the improvement of H2O2 electrosynthesis | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114746 |
| Effects of coupling hybrid processes on the treatment of wastewater containing a commercial mixture of diuron and hexazinone herbicides | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135013 |
| EVALUATION OF DEGRADATION BY-PRODUCTS OF HERBICIDE AMETRIN OBTAINED BY ADVANCED OXIDATIVE PROCESSES | http://dx.doi.org/10.18011/bioeng2018v12n1p52-67 |
| Application of Oxides Electrodes (Ru, Ti, Ir and Sn) for the Electrooxidation of Levofloxacin | http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411013666180705142302 |
| New operational mode of an electrochemical reactor and its application to the degradation of levofloxacin | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.08.041 |
| Efficiency study and mechanistic aspects in the Brilliant Green dye degradation using BDD/Ti electrodes | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2015.12.013 |
| Hydrogen peroxide electrogeneration in gas diffusion electrode nanostructured with Ta2O5 | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2016.03.013 |
| Photoelectrochemical removal of 17β-estradiol using a RuO2-graphene electrode | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.070 |
| Morphological and Electrochemical Characterization of Ti/MxTiySnzO2 (M = Ir or Ru) Electrodes Prepared by the Polymeric Precursor Method | http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aces.2016.64037 |
| Effect of Fe2 + on the degradation of the pesticide profenofos by electrogenerated H2O2 | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.11.038 |
| Use of a vanadium nanostructured material for hydrogen peroxide electrogeneration | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.02.009 |
| Electro-Fenton degradation of the food dye amaranth using a gas diffusion electrode modified with cobalt (II) phthalocyanine | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.03.027 |
| Electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide in gas diffusion electrodes: Application of iron (II) phthalocyanine as a modifier of carbon black | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.03.007 |
| Degradation of Dipyrone by the Electro-Fenton Process in an Electrochemical Flow Reactor with a Modified Gas Diffusion Electrode | http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20140160 |
| The use of copper and cobalt phthalocyanines as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in acid medium | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.07.003 |
| Electrochemical Degradation of Tartrazine Dye in Aqueous Solution Using a Modified Gas Diffusion Electrode | http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.015409jes |
| Degradation of Dipyrone by Electrogenerated H2O2 Combined with Fe2+ Using a Modified Gas Diffusion Electrode | http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0091414jes |
| Electrosynthesis of methanol from methane: The role of V2O5 in the reaction selectivity for methanol of a TiO2/RuO2/V2O5 gas diffusion electrode | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.09.113 |
| Degradation of profenofos in an electrochemical flow reactor using boron-doped diamond anodes | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2012.11.008 |
| Degradation of dipyrone in an electrochemical flow-by reactor using anodes of boron-doped diamond (BDD) supported on titanium | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.12.003 |
| Degradation of dipyrone via advanced oxidation processes using a cerium nanostructured electrocatalyst material | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2013.04.008 |
| Electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide in gas diffusion electrodes modified with tert-butyl-anthraquinone on carbon black support | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.04.100 |
| Low tungsten content of nanostructured material supported on carbon for the degradation of phenol | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.05.024 |
| Electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide in acidic medium using gas diffusion electrodes modified with cobalt (II) phthalocyanine | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.04.079 |
| Electrochemical oxidation route of methyl paraben on a boron-doped diamond anode | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.118 |
| Use of Gas Diffusion Electrode for the In Situ Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide in an Electrochemical Flow-By Reactor | http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie201317u |
| Development and Evaluation of a Pseudoreference Pt//Ag/AgCl Electrode for Electrochemical Systems | http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie2026025 |
| Desenvolvimento e avaliação de eletrodos de difusão gasosa (EDG) para geração de H2O2 in situ e sua aplicação na degradação do corante reativo azul 19 | http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422012001000014 |
| Electrosynthesis of Ethylene Glycol from Oxidation of Ethylene Using a TiO2–RuO2/PTFE Gas Diffusion Electrode | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12678-011-0063-0 |
| Low content cerium oxide nanoparticles on carbon for hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.09.030 |
| Degradação eletroquímica do cloranfenicol em reator de fluxo | http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422010000500015 |
| A Feasibility Study of the Electro-recycling of Greenhouse Gases: Design and Characterization of a (TiO2/RuO2)/PTFE Gas Diffusion Electrode for the Electrosynthesis of Methanol from Methane | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12678-010-0029-7 |
| Avaliação da degradação do diclofenaco sódico utilizando H2O2/fenton em reator eletroquímico | http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422009000200016 |
| Estudo da degradação de ranitidina via H2O2 eletrogerado/Fenton em um reator eletroquímico com eletrodos de difusão gasosa | http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422009000100024 |
| Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide on oxygen-fed graphite/PTFE electrodes modified by 2-ethylanthraquinone | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.10.023 |
This study introduces a Cu₂₋ₓS/ZnO/carbon xerogel composite designed as an S-scheme heterojunction stabilized by biomass-derived carbon from black acacia tannin. The material was synthesized through simple methods to enhance charge separation and light utilization for photocatalytic degradation of salicylic acid (SA). The optimized composite (7.5% Cu₂₋ₓS/ZnO/0.25CX at 600 °C) achieved complete SA degradation under solar radiation and 59% degradation under visible light in 300 minutes, with mineralization rates of 90% (solar) and 62% (visible). Structural and electronic analyses confirmed efficient heterojunction formation, with carbon xerogel improving light absorption and stabilizing charge transfer. The degradation was driven by hydroxyl radicals, photogenerated electrons, and superoxide anions, while phytotoxicity tests showed significantly reduced toxicity in treated solutions.
This study investigates FeOCl and halogen-doped X–FeOCl (Br, F, I) catalysts for pollutant degradation under visible light. Pure FeOCl exhibited a bandgap of 1.77 eV, while doping reduced it slightly (1.67–1.72 eV), enhancing both photocatalytic activity and Fenton-like properties in methylene blue degradation across different pH conditions. Under neutral conditions, F–FeOCl showed a degradation constant 14.56 times higher than pure FeOCl within 30 minutes of the photo-Fenton-like process. DFT calculations revealed that structural distortion and reduced symmetry at doped sites strengthen electronic interactions, driving the improved catalytic performance. These findings deepen the understanding of FeOCl-based materials as efficient photo-Fenton-like catalysts and highlight their potential in water purification and environmental remediation.
This study evaluates magnetized pulverized activated carbon (PACmag) as a reusable adsorbent for pesticide removal in water treatment plants. Among the tested materials, PAC16mag showed the highest adsorption and desorption efficiencies. Under high contamination, removal rates reached 49.5% for atrazine, 53.8% for simazine, and 69.1% for diuron, with residual concentrations significantly reduced compared to initial levels. Kinetic analysis identified the Elovich model as the best fit, indicating heterogeneous surface interactions, while adsorption isotherms followed the Sips model, especially for diuron, suggesting multilayer adsorption. The material’s pHPZC of 7.1 supports adsorption via hydrophobic and π–π interactions. Desorption efficiency reached 100% with methanol, and despite reduced porosity from magnetization, Fe–O functional groups enhanced adsorption and facilitated recovery. Overall, magnetization improved PAC performance, enabling regeneration and reuse, making it a promising strategy for cost-effective and sustainable pesticide removal in water treatment plants.
This study developed a hybrid CX/ZnO–CuxO photocatalyst and investigated the effect of calcination temperature (400–700 °C) on the degradation of sulfamerazine (SMZ) under solar and visible light. Characterization confirmed the coexistence of Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions (Cu₂O and CuO phases) and showed that higher calcination temperatures increased particle and crystal size while reducing absorption capacity at longer wavelengths. The material calcined at 600 °C exhibited the best performance, achieving 90% SMZ degradation under solar radiation and 72% under visible light, with mineralization rates of 70% and 62%, respectively. These results surpassed those of ZnO–CuxO, CX/ZnO, and unary counterparts at the same temperature. The enhanced activity was attributed to reduced charge recombination and improved photogenerated charge configuration, facilitated by a double S-scheme heterojunction with carbon xerogel acting as a mediator.
This study examined Bi₂S₃ photocatalysts synthesized from different sulfide precursors (thiourea, thioacetamide, Na₂S, K₂S, and NH₄₂S) to evaluate their performance in Cr(VI) photoreduction under simulated sunlight. The choice of precursor strongly influenced morphology, surface area, and crystalline structure, with K₂S-derived Bi₂S₃ showing the best efficiency due to its high adsorption capacity and rod-like morphology. Thermal treatment (calcination) was found to reduce surface area and adsorption capacity, impairing performance. The photoreduction mechanism was attributed to direct reaction between Cr(VI) and photogenerated electrons. Operational parameters such as initial concentration, pH, and temperature significantly affected efficiency—high concentrations saturated active sites, while lower pH and higher temperatures enhanced reduction. Recycle tests revealed efficiency loss due to surface occlusion by chromium species.
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| Mais Artigos Publicados | Links de Acesso: |
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| Construction of SrTiO3/TiO2 heterojunction by in-situ ion exchange method to enhance photochemical performance | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2023.117010 |
| Cross-linked cellulose beads as an eco-friendly support for ZnO/SnO2/carbon xerogel hybrid photocatalyst: Exploring the synergy between adsorption and photocatalysis under simulated sunlight | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127826 |
| Enhanced Effluent Degradation with Zinc Oxide, Carbon Nitride, and Carbon Xerogel Trifecta on brass monoliths | https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4237405/v1 |
| Enhancement of effluent degradation by zinc oxide, carbon nitride, and carbon xerogel trifecta on brass monoliths | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-34770-0 |
| Fluidized bed reactor for 4-chlorophenol photodegradation via solar and visible radiation using ZnO/g-C3N4/carbon xerogel as a photocatalyst | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chphi.2023.100428 |
| Halogen Atoms Doped Feocl Promoting Fe (Ii)/Fe (Iii) Cycles to Accelerate the Photo-Fenton-Like Progress | https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4952100 |
| Production and Characterization of Pb-Carbon Composite for Manufacturing Metal Grids Applied in Lead-Acid Batteries | https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2024-0001 |
| Stabilizing the S-scheme ZnO/ZnCr2O4/Bi6Cr2O15 heterojunction through the application of carbon xerogel as both a solid-state mediator and reducing agent | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108412 |
| Sulfamerazine degradation employing a novel Z-scheme TiO2/KNbO3/g-C3N4 photocatalyst under artificial sunlight: Insights on degradation mechanism and toxicity | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.113026 |
| Synthesis of activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse using blends of hydroxides for maximizing reaction targeted at obtaining hydrogen peroxide | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107438 |
| Synthesis of Nb2O5/C for H2O2 electrogeneration and its application for the degradation of levofloxacin | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-023-01975-z |
| ZnO/CeO2/carbon xerogel composites with direct Z-scheme heterojunctions: Enhancing photocatalytic remediation of 4-chlorophenol under visible light | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2022.11.001 |
| Development of a new carbon xerogel/ZnO/BaSnO3 photocatalyst for solar and visible light photodegradation of salicylic acid | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.163 |
| Application of a new lignin/cellulose carbon xerogel/ZnO/Bi2O3/Bi° composite photocatalyst for the degradation of bisphenol-A under sunlight | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chphi.2023.100182 |
| Black-wattle tannin/kraft lignin H3PO4-activated carbon xerogels as excellent and sustainable adsorbents | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.125 |
| Effect of fluoride on the properties of spray-dried niobium-based composites: structure, porosity, particle size, morphology, and photoactivity | https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2021.1993202 |
| Enhanced 4-chlorophenol Degradation under Visible and Solar Radiation through TiO2/g-C3N4 Z-Scheme Heterojunction | https://doi.org/10.33263/briac133.203 |
| Kraft lignin-based carbon xerogel/zinc oxide composite for 4-chlorophenol solar-light photocatalytic degradation: effect of pH, salinity, and simultaneous Cr(VI) reduction | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22825-z |
| Ni3B modified BiVO4 photoanodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting: The key role of Ni3B on reducing the water oxidation barrier | https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5079-7 |
| Role of active area on photoelectrochemical water-splitting performance of inverse opal CuBi2O4 photocathodes | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.157143 |
| Solar-based photocatalytic ozonation employing novel S-scheme ZnO/Cu2O/CuO/carbon xerogel photocatalyst: effect of pH, salinity, turbidity, and temperature on salicylic acid degradation | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29399-4 |
| Structure-directing ability of the kraft-lignin/cellulose carbon xerogel for the development of C-Nb2O5 sunlight-active photocatalysts | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114697 |
| Synthesis of Nb2O5/C for H2O2 electrogeneration and its application for the degradation of levofloxacin | https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3092101/v1 |
| Using GDE modified with mixed Rusingle bondNb oxides for Ciprofloxacin degradation via the electro-Fenton process and its prediction model | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104113 |
| Using KNbO3 catalyst produced from a simple solid-state synthesis method in a new piezophotocatalytic ozonation hybrid process | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.06.265 |
| Brasil nut mesocarp (Bertholletia excels) as a Biomass Source for Activated Carbon Production: Correlation Between Thermal Treatment and Adsorption Performance | https://doi.org/10.33263/briac124.45844596 |
| CuPc nanowires PVD preparation and its extra high gas sensitivity to chlorine | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2021.113362 |
| Evaluation of structural and photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4/ZnO/carbon xerogel composites synthesized with different types of tannin | https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-707620220001.1331 |
| Facile synthesis of cadmium sulfide and the effect of thermal annealing in N2-rich atmosphere on its structural, morphological, chemical, and optical properties | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.125492 |
| Resorcinol-based carbon xerogel/ZnO composite for solar-light-induced photodegradation of sulfamerazine | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.112470 |
| Sn4+ Doped Biobr1-Xclx with Improved Photocatalytic Performance for Degrading High Concentration Organic Dyes and Antibiotics | https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4135302 |
| Synthesis and Application of the Ternary Zn0.5Cd0.5S/ZnO/carbon Xerogel Composite in the Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-chlorophenol | https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2022-0038 |
| Tannin-based carbon xerogel as a promising co-catalyst for photodegradation processes based on solar light: a case study using the tin (IV) oxide/carbon xerogel composite | https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2021.1978076 |
| Development of a new zinc oxide/tin oxide/carbon xerogel photocatalyst for visible light photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2021.115183 |
| Development of ZnC2O4/carbon xerogel composites for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under solar radiation | https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-707620210002.12998 |
| Efficient photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol under solar radiation using a new ZnO/ZnS/carbon xerogel composite as a photocatalyst | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113377 |
| Using carbon black modified with Nb2O5 and RuO2 for enhancing selectivity toward H2O2 electrogeneration | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106787 |
| Development of Nb2O5-doped ZnO/Carbon xerogel photocatalyst for the photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.165238 |
| Effect of synthesis medium on structural and photocatalytic properties of ZnO/carbon xerogel composites for solar and visible light degradation of 4-chlorophenol and bisphenol A | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124034 |
| Facile preparation of Bi-doped ZnO/β-Bi2O3/Carbon xerogel composites towards visible-light photocatalytic applications: Effect of calcination temperature and bismuth content | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.166 |
| Spray drying as feasible processing technique to enhance the photocatalytic activity of the Nb2O5/carbon xerogel composite | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.127932 |
| Synthesis, characterization and application of Nb2O5-doped zinc oxide for solar-based photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128156 |
| TiO2/Nb2O5/carbon xerogel ternary photocatalyst for efficient degradation of 4-chlorophenol under solar light irradiation | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.02.249 |
| Visible light-driven ZnO/g-C3N4/carbon xerogel ternary photocatalyst with enhanced activity for 4-chlorophenol degradation | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123651 |
| Zinc oxide/carbon xerogel composites for photocatalytic applications developed through acidic and alkaline synthesis routes: structural, morphological, and photocatalytic evaluations | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-020-04893-9 |
| Synthesis of novel ZnO/carbon xerogel composites: Effect of carbon content and calcination temperature on their structural and photocatalytic properties | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.11.027 |
| Novel and inexpensive Nb2O5/tannin-formaldehyde xerogel composites as substitutes for titanium dioxide in photocatalytic processes | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4905-6 |
| Effect of metal doping in the photocatalytic properties of carbon xerogel-Nb2O5 composite towards visible light degradation of methylene blue | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.06.095 |
| Effect of Nb/C ratio in the morphological, structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of novel and inexpensive Nb2O5/carbon xerogel composites | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.01.073 |
| Effect of synthesis route in the photocatalytic, structural and morphological properties of carbon xerogel-Nb2O5 composites | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2018.10.017 |
| Methylene blue photodegradation employing hexagonal prism-shaped niobium oxide as heterogeneous catalyst: Effect of catalyst dosage, dye concentration, and radiation source | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.04.063 |
| Novel synthetic route for low-cost carbon-modified TiO2 with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity: carbon content and calcination effects | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4700-4 |
| Preparation, characterization, and application of low-cost açaí seed-based activated carbon for phenol adsorption | https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-018-0128-5 |
| The effect of C-doping on the properties and photocatalytic activity of ZrO2 prepared via sol-gel route | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.03.133 |
| A novel synthesis route of titanium dioxide with (NH4)0.3TiO1.1F2.1 as by-product | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.07.078 |
| Cr total removal in aqueous solution by PHENOTAN AP based tannin gel (TFC) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.04.006 |
| Mullite crystallization using fully hydrolyzed silica sol: the gelation temperature influence | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-014-3285-9 |
| Activated carbon derived from macadamia nut shells: an effective adsorbent for phenol removal | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-012-9635-5 |
| Preparation of nodular carbon cryogel from simple and inexpensive polycondensation reaction of commercial modified black wattle tannin | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-013-3109-3 |
| Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution by hydrous zirconium oxide | https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2011.632651 |
| Phenol removal from aqueous solution by carbon xerogel | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-012-2745-3 |
| Phenol removal from aqueous solution by activated carbon produced from avocado kernel seeds | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.08.027 |
| Adsorption kinetic, thermodynamic and desorption studies of phosphate onto hydrous niobium oxide prepared by reverse microemulsion method | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-010-9220-7 |
| Adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by hydrous zirconium oxide | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.131 |
| Review of mullite synthesis routes by sol–gel method | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-010-2222-9 |
| Synthesis of Nb2O5·nH2O nanoparticles by water-in-oil microemulsion | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2009.11.002 |
| Thermodynamic and kinetic investigations of phosphate adsorption onto hydrous niobium oxide prepared by homogeneous solution method | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.06.030 |
| Adsorption of sulfate ions in ZrO2.nH2O prepared by conventional precipitation and homogeneous solution methods | https://doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132009000100005 |
| Adsorption of phosphate ions on hydrous niobium oxide | http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422009000500023 |
| An investigation of phosphate adsorption from aqueous solution onto hydrous niobium oxide prepared by co-precipitation method | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.10.023 |
| Adsorption study of phosphate from aqueous solution in inorganic matrix | http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0366-69132008000100013 |
